Class XII (2024–2025)
(BASED ON REVISED BOOK WITH NEW CHAPTERS)
(Textbook Revised in the Academic Year 2023-2024)
| S.No. | Units | Periods | Marks |
| Unit 1 | Judiciary | 25 | 08 |
| Unit 2 | Alternative Dispute Resolution in India (ADR) | 20 | 08 |
| Unit3 | Topics in Law- I (Business Laws) Chapter 3 (A) – Law of Contract Chapter 3 (B) – Law of Torts Chapter 3 (C) – Law of Property Chapter 3 (D) – Intellectual Property Law | 35 | 20 |
| Unit 4 | Topics in Law- II (General Laws) Chapter 4 (A) -Law and Sustainable Development Chapter 4 (B)- Forms of Legal Entities Chapter 4 (C) – Criminal Laws in India | 35 | 10 |
| Unit 5 | Concept of Human Rights Chapter 5 (A)-Human Rights in India Chapter 5 (B)-Human Rights Violations-Complaint Mechanism (Quasi-Judicial Bodies) | 30 | 10 |
| Unit 6 | International Law | 20 | 08 |
| Unit 7 | Legal Profession in India | 20 | 08 |
| Unit 8 | Legal Services | 15 | 08 |
| Project | 20 | 20 | |
| Total | 220 | 100 |
Theory- 80 marks (One Paper) Internal Assessment- Project Based Assessment- 20 marks
Contents-
| S.No. | Unit | Topics |
| Unit 1 | Judiciary | a) Structure, Hierarchy of Courts, and Legal Officers in India b) Constitution, Roles and Impartiality c) Appointments, retirement and removal of Judges d) Tribunals e) Courts and Judicial Review |
| Unit 2 | Alternative Dispute Resolution in India (ADR) | a) Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems b) Meaning and scope of ADR c) Arbitration d) Mediation e) Conciliation f) Lok Adalat g) Ombudsman h) Lokpal and Lokayukta |
| Unit 3 | Topics in Law I (Business Laws) | |
| Chapter 3A | Law of Contract | a) Introduction to Contracts b) Formation of Contract c) Intention to Contract d) Consideration e) Capacity to Contract f) Consent g) Types of Contracts h) Discharge of Contract i) Remedies in case of breach |
| Chapter 3 B | Law of Torts | a) Concept of law of Torts b) Sources of Law of Torts c) Intentional Tort d) Defamation e) Negligence f) Strict Liability g) Absolute Liability |
| Chapter 3 C | Law of Property | a) Types of Property b) Who can transfer property c) Essential of a valid transfer d) Types of Transfer- Sale, Lease, Exchange, Gift |
| Chapter 3 D | Intellectual Property Law | a) Meaning of Intellectual Property b) International Obligations that have shaped Indian IPR c) WIPO d) Copyright e) Patent f) Trademark g) Geographical Indication h) Design |
| Unit 4 | Topics in Law II (General Laws) | |
| Chapter 4 A | Law and Sustainable Development | a) Introduction b) Initiatives under International Scenario c) Provisions under Indian Constitution d) Environment Protection Act, 1986 e) Pollution Control Boards |
| Chapter 4 B | Forms of Legal Entities | Types of Legal Entities in India a) Sole Proprietorship b) Partnership c) Limited Liability Partnership d) Private Limited company e) Public Limited Company f) One Person Company |
| Chapter 4 C | Criminal Laws in India | a) Objectives of Criminal law b) Legislations for Criminal laws in India c) Distinction between Intention and Motive d) Stages of crime e) The Indian Evidence Act f) Admission and Confession |
| Unit 5 | Concept of Human Rights | |
| Chapter 5 A | Human Rights in India | a) Introduction Historical Context b) Indian Constitutional framework on Human Rights and related Laws in India The Preamble Fundamental Rights-Part III of the Constitution Directive Principles-Part IV- Articles 36-51 Fundamental Duties- Part IV(A)- Article 51 A |
| Chapter 5 B | Human Rights Violations- Complaint Mechanism (Quasi- Judicial bodies) | a) What are Quasi- Judicial Bodies? b) Various Human Rights Commissions National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) National Commission for Minorities National Commission for Women (NCW) a) National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes b) National Commission for Protection of Child’s Rights (NCPCR) |
| Unit 6 | International Law | a) Introduction b) Historical Evolution of International Law c) What is International Law? d) Sources of International Law e) International Human Rights f) International Law & Municipal Law g) International Law & India h) Dispute Resolution |
| Unit 7 | Legal Profession in India | a) The Advocate Act,1961 b) Lawyers and Professional Ethics c) Advertising by Lawyers d) Liberalization and Globalization of legal profession e) Women and Legal Profession f) Legal Education in India, USA and UK g) Opportunities for Law Graduates |
| Unit 8 | Legal Services | a) Brief history of Legal services b) Free Legal Aid under Criminal law c) Legal aid by the State d) Legal Aid under the Indian Constitution e) National Legal Services Authority(NALSA) f) Legal Services Authority Act,1987 g) Legal Aid in context of social justice and Human Rights |
| PROJECT WORK | Detailed Guideline given below for reference |
PROJECT GUIDELINES for Class XII
INTRODUCTION:
The student is required to do a project on ‘Understanding Case Laws’
OBJECTIVES:
The project work aims to enable students to:
- identify a legal problem and provide its remedy
- select relevant legal sources and conduct research
- analyse and distinguish between types of cases
- apply case laws and relevant statutory laws
METHODOLOGY-: The student is required to select any 3 decided cases related to the curriculum where one must be civil in nature, one criminal and one constitutional in character.
The research on the cases must include the following points:
- Name of the case
- Parties to the case
- Citation to the case
- Bench
- Nature of the case (Civil, Criminal or Constitutional)
- Facts of the case and issues involved
- Decision of the case including Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dicta
Rubrics
| Topic | Exceeding (76-100 percent) | Accomplished (61-75 percent) | Developing (34-60 percent) | Beginning 13(15-33 percent) |
| Presentation of all facts of the case | ● All the relevant facts are presented clearly in a chronological, organized, logical and interesting sequence ● The facts are supported with relevant evidence related to the case | ● Most of the crucial facts have been stated sequentially as per the happening of the case | ● Some facts are stated but not in a sequential manner | ● Only a few unrelated and irrelevant facts have been stated |
| Statement of Legal problem and prediction about outcome | ● Legal problem has been precisely defined and unambiguously stated ● Analysis of the legal problem has been done thoroughly and predicts clear outcome with logical reasoning | ● Legal problem has been nearly correctly stated ● Analysis of the legal problem predicts a near clear outcome | ● Legal problem has been vaguely conceived ● Analysis of the Legal problem does not predict a clear outcome | ● Legal problem has not been identified clearly, ● No analysis of the legal problem has been done to predict the outcome |
| Information gathering | ● The information gathered in relation to the case is relevant and sufficient to encompass all crucial facts and all applicable laws | ● The information gathered in relation to the case is relevant and sufficient to encompass only crucial facts without applicable laws | ● The information gathered in relation to the case is relevant but insufficient to encompass all relevant facts and applicable laws | ● The information gathered in relation to the case is insufficient |
| Establishing correlation in facts | ● All of the crucial facts are well correlated to each other and presented in a logically persuasive manner | Most of the crucial facts have been stated and are correlated to each other and presented in a logically persuasive manner | Some of the stated facts are correlated to each other and presented in a logical manner | The stated facts lack correlation and are not presented in a logically persuasive manner |
| legal analysis and reasoning | Legal analysis is done by organizing evidence to accentuate differences, or similarities related to case. Use superior inductive and deductive reasoning abilities and present analogy. | Legal analysis is done by organizing some evidence but organization is less than effective. Shows less Logical reasoning (inductive deductive) than required. | Legal analysis is done by organizing some evidences but organization is not effective. Logical reasoning (inductive – deductive) is missing. | List some evidences but not able to organize it. Legal analysis is incoherent |
| Identification of decidendi and obiter dicta | Ratio decidendi and Obiter dicta has been identified in a crystal clear terms | Ratio decidendi and Obiter dicta has been little less clearly identified | Ratio decidendi and Obiter dicta has been vaguely identified | Ratio decidendi and Obiter dicta has not been identified |
| Reflections on the Case | Corroborate alternative arguments with research and innovation. Question existing beliefs. Show inconsistencies in existing body of evidence to arrive at result. Analyse pros and cons of existing decision viz a viz alternative solutions. | Identify connection between existing laws and their application in this case. Consider alternative arguments to affect the present outcome. | Analyse from a personal perspective why a particular action/decision has happened. | repeats only what has happened in the case |
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| Download Syllabus PDF | Click here |
| Complete Syllabus | Class 12 Syllabus |