CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2022-23
THEORY
Time: 3 Hours
70 Marks
S.No. |
Title |
No. of Periods |
Marks |
1 |
Solutions |
15 |
7 |
2 |
Electrochemistry |
18 |
9 |
3 |
Chemical Kinetics |
15 |
7 |
4 |
d -and f -Block Elements |
18 |
7 |
5 |
Coordination Compounds |
18 |
7 |
6 |
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes |
15 |
6 |
7 |
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers |
14 |
6 |
8 |
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids |
15 |
8 |
9 |
Amines |
14 |
6 |
10 |
Biomolecules |
18 |
7 |
|
Total |
160 |
70 |
Unit II: Solutions – 15 Periods
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult’s law, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van’t Hoff factor.
Unit III: Electrochemistry – 18 Periods
Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.
Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics – 15 Periods
Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.
Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements – 18 Periods
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
Lanthanoids –
Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
Actinoids –
Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.
Unit IX: Coordination Compounds – 18 Periods
Coordination compounds – Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, the importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).
Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes – 15 Periods
Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.
Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.
Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers – 14 Periods
Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.
Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.
Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids – 15 Periods
Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.
Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.
Unit XIII: Amines – 14 Periods
Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
Unit XIV: Biomolecules – 18 Periods
Carbohydrates – Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.
Proteins –Elementary idea of – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins – primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones – Elementary idea excluding structure.
Vitamins – Classification and functions.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.
Note: The content indicated in NCERT textbooks as excluded for the year 2022-23 is not to be tested by schools.
PRACTICALS
3 HOURS/ 30 MARKS
Evaluation Scheme for Examination |
Marks |
Volumetric Analysis |
08 |
Salt Analysis |
08 |
Content Based Experiment |
06 |
Project Work |
04 |
Class record and viva |
04 |
Total |
30 |
PRACTICAL SYLLABUS – 60 Periods
Micro-chemical methods are available for several of practical experiments. Wherever possible, such techniques should be used.
- Surface Chemistry
- Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol Lyophilic sol – starch, egg albumin and gum Lyophobic sol – aluminium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.
- Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a)
- Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing the emulsion of different
- Chemical Kinetics
-
- Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid.
- Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:
- Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature using different concentrations of Iodide ions.
- Reaction between Potassium Iodate, (KIO3) and Sodium Sulphite: (Na2SO3) using starch solution as an indicator (clock reaction).
- Thermochemistry
Any one of the following experiments
-
- Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium
- Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCI) and strong base (NaOH).
- Determination of enthaply change during interaction (Hydrogen bond formation) between Acetone and Chloroform.
- Electrochemistry
Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+|| Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes (CuSO4 or ZnSO4) at room temperature.
- Chromatography
- Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values.
- Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only (constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).
- Preparation of Inorganic Compounds
Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum. Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.
- Preparation of Organic Compounds
Preparation of any one of the following compounds
i) Acetanilide ii) Di -benzalAcetone iii) p-Nitroacetanilide iv) Aniline yellow or 2 – Naphthol Anilinedye.
- Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:
Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.
- Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their detection in given foodstuffs.
- Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of:
- Oxalic acid,
- Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate
(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).
- Qualitative analysis
Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
Cation:
Pb2+, Cu2+ As3+, Aℓ3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+
Anions:
(CO3)2-, S2-, (SO3)2-, (NO2)–, (SO4)2-, Cℓ–, Br–, I–, (PO4)3-, (C2O4)2-, CH3COO– , NO –
(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other sources A few suggested Projects.
- Study of the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of
- Study the quantity of casein present in different samples of
- Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with natural milk with respect to curd formation, the effect of temperature, etc.
- Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as a food preservative under various conditions (temperature, concentration, time, etc.)
- Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and temperature on
- Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of the following materials: wheat flour, gram flour, potato juice, carrot juice, etc.
- Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carum), Illaichi (cardamom).
- Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power, chilli powder and pepper.
Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can be chosen with the approval of the teacher.
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