Probability Class 12 Notes Mathematics Chapter 13

Chapter at a Glance

1. Conditional Probability – Let E and F be two events of a random experiment, then the probability of occurrence of E under the condition that F has already

2. Multiplication Theorem on Probability – Let E and F be two events associated

3. Independent Event–

4. Theorem of total Probability – Let {E1, E2, ……., En}. be a partition of sample

5. Baye’s Theorem – If E1, E2, …., En are mutually exclusive and exhaustive

6. Probability Distribution of a Random Variable – Let real numbers x1, x2, …..,xn be the possible value of random variable X and p1, p2……, pn be probability

7. Mean or Expectation of a Random Variable – Let X be a random variable

8. Variance and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable – Let X be a random variable whose possible values x1, x2, ……, xn occur with probabilities p(x1),

9. Bernoulli Trials –Trials of a random experiment are called Bernoulli trials, if they satisfty the following conditions:

  • There should be a finite number of trials
  • The trials should be independent
  • Each trial has exactly two outcomes: success or failure
  • The probability of success remains the same in each trial.

In a Bernoulli trial, probability of success is denoted by p and probability of failure is denoted by q and p + q = 1 i.e., p = 1 – q and q = 1 – p

10. Binomial Distribution – Probability distribution of number of successes, in an experiment consisting of n Bernoulli trials are obtained by Binomial expansion of (q + p)n. Such a probability distribution is

11. Probability function – The probability of x success in a Binomial trials is denoted by p (X = x) or P(x) and is given by

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