Intext Questions
On Page 18
Question 1. The class can be divided into five groups and each group need to spell out the equipments that they would require if they had to be a part of the Search and Rescue Team.
Group A – Cyclone; Group B – Earthquake; Group C – Floods; Group D – Fire; Group E – Landslides
Answer :
| Group | Equipment Required | Equipment Required |
| (i) Cyclone Group | Helmet Torch Life-line Gum-Boots Life-Jackets (Water Rescue) Whistle Rope 7 cms diameter of 60 mtrs length Blanket | Small Cutting Tools First Aid Box Life Buoy Crow Bar Ladder (Wood/Bamboo) Hammer Stretcher |
| (ii) Earthquake Group | Helmet Torch Life-line Crow Bar Ladder (Wood/Bamboo) Rope 7 cms diameter of 60 mtrs length | Small Cutting Tools First Aid Box Blanket Whistle Hammer Stretcher |
| (iii) Floods Group | Helmet Torch Life-line Crow Bar Ladder (Wood/Bamboo) Rope 7 cms diameter of 60 mtrs length | Small Cutting Tools First Aid Box Blanket Whistle Hammer Stretcher |
| (iv) Fire Group | Helmet Torch Life-line Crow Bar Ladder (Wood/Bamboo) Rope 7 cms diameter of 60 mtrs length | Small Cutting Tools First Aid Box Blanket Whistle Hammer Stretcher |
| (v) Landslides | Helmet Torch Life-line Crow Bar Ladder (Wood/Bamboo) Rope 7 cms diameter of 60 mtrs length | Small Cutting Tools First Aid Box Blanket Whistle Hammer Stretcher |
Exercises
Question 1. What is the main objective of Search and Rescue team? Define the team composition.
Answer : The main objectives of a Search and Rescue team are
- Rescue the survivors trapped under the debris of the damaged buildings.
- Provide First Aid services to the trapped survivors and to send them for medical care.
- Take immediate necessary actions, as for temporary support and protection to endangered collapsed buildings to structures.
- Hand over, recover and dispose of the bodies of the deceased.
- Train, demonstrate and raise awareness on how to use the local materials for rescuing the community people.
Team Composition
- Honest, emotionally sound, professionally decisive, volunteers, both male and female, having good physical condition, with demonstrated capacity and willingness to work in an emergency, should be part of a rescue team. They should be above the age of 18 years with a minimum education level (reading and writing the local language).
- Preference should be given to ex-military or army personnel.
Question 2. Identify two indigenous ways to rescue people in case of Floods.
Answer : The indigenous methods can be
(i) Deploy rescue teams with rowboats or motorboats to evacuate people from flooded areas.
(ii) In case, somebody is already in the flood waters, throw them an inflated tube of a car or truck, by using which they can guide themselves to safety. (there may be many others, depending on the location and the facilities available)
Question 3. Name three different ways to make a stretcher with the locally available resources.
Answer : Three different ways to make a stretcher are
(i) Hand made stretchers.
(ii) Upper Garment as stretchers.
(iii) Ladder/rope as stretcher.
Question 4. Explain the goals of First Aid.
Answer : The goals of First Aid are
(i) To restore and maintain vital functions. The ABC of basic life support (Airway, Breathing, and Circulation) are always the first priority
(a) Airway must be open so that air containing oxygen enters the body.
(b) Breathing must take place so that oxygen passes through the lungs into the blood stream.
(c) The heart must circulate the oxygen carrying blood.
(ii) To prevent further injury or deterioration
(iii) To reassure the victim and make him or her as comfortable as possible
Question 5. What are the causes of fainting and what are the measures that need to be take up if you see someone who has fainted?
Answer : Fainting is a brief loss of consciousness and is the result of an interference with the function of the brain. There are many causes of unconsciousness, the most common of which are fainting, head injury, epilepsy, stroke, poisoning, diabetes and conditions associated with lack of oxygen. If you have seen a person fainting, do the following
- Catch the person before he/she falls.
- Pinch the person and see if she moves or opens her eyes.
- Examine the injuries and causes of unconsciousness.
- Tilt head back and keep arms at right angle to body.
- Raise the legs 8-12 inches. This promotes blood flow to the brain.
- Loosen any tight clothing.
- Keep the victim warm if it is cold outside.
- Keep a record of the casualty’s condition.
Also,
(i) Don’t give the patient anything to eat or drink.
(ii) Don’t allow the person who has just fainted to get up until the victim is fully conscious.
(iii) Don’t crowd around the victim if the area is warm.
Question 6. Identify two signs and symptoms of sprain and fracture.
Answer : The general signs and symptoms of sprain and fracture are
- Pain at or near the site of injury increased by movement.
- Movement may be difficult or impossible.
- Swelling and later bruising of the injured part.
- Deformity at the site of the fracture.